Lighthouses of Russia (historical essays). publication of GUNIO MO RF, St. Petersburg, 2001, authors A.A. Komaritsin, V.I. Koryakin, V.G. Romanov.

(autotranslated, could have mistakes)

publication of GUNIO MO RF, St. Petersburg, 2001, authors A.A. Komaritsin, V.I. Koryakin, V.G. Romanov.

(there was an additional circulation in 2005)

The book contains essays telling about the history of the construction and operation of the most famous and remarkable lighthouses in many respects on the coast of Russia and the republics of the former USSR, their influence on the development of navigation in the country and ways of improvement. Particular attention is paid to the difficult and noble service of lighthouses to the cause of navigation safety. The appendix to the book contains extensive reference material on lighthouses not included in this book.

The book may be useful for specialists in maritime navigation equipment, as well as for a wide range of readers interested in the history of navigation, maritime construction and navigational instrument making.

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Book table of contents

CONTENTS

From the authors........................................ 3

Introduction........................................ 5

LIGHTHOUSES OF THE WHITE AND BARENTS SEA

Abramovsky........................................................................21

Vaydagubsky........................................................................................23

Veshnyak (Trekhostrovsky)...................................................................25

Gorodetsky........................................................................................27

Zhizhginsky........................................................................31

Zhuzmuysky.............................................................................34

Zimnegorsky........................................................................................38

Indians (Inets)...................................................................................40

Kaninsky........................................................................42

Kildinsky-Severny................................................................45

Letne-Orlovsky...................................................................48

Morzhovsky (Morzhovetsky)............................................................51

Mudyugsky...................................................................54

Mudyug casement towers...................................................................59

Rombaksky (Rymbach, Rombak)..................................................................62

Russian (Big Oleniy)...................................................................64

Svyatonossky...............................................................................66

Setnavoloksky........................................................................72

Solovetsky...................................................................................74

Sosnovetsky (Sosnovsky, Sosnowiec)..................................................77

Teribersky........................................................................80

Tersko-Orlovsky...................................................................83

Kharlovsky (Semiostrovsky) ...............................................................85

Tsypnavoloksky........................................................................88

Shoina........................................................................................90

LIGHTHOUSES OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF RUSSIA

Aniva........................................................................................95

Askold........................................................................................97

Basargina.........................................................................101

Belkina...................................................................................10Z

Bruce (Slavic, Bryusovsky).....................................................................105

Gamova........................................................................................106

Jonquier...................................................................................108

Gold........................................................................................112

Stone of Danger.........................................................................114

Red Partisan (Nikolaevsky, Imperial).................................115

Crillon...................................................................................118

Kronotsky...................................................................................121

Spatula.........................................................................................123

Marekan...................................................................................124

Low...................................................................................126

Orlova (Kloster-Kamp, Kloster-Kampsky)..............................................127

Petropavlovsky (Vaua, Dalniy).....................................................................131

Rotary...................................................................................139

Rechnoy (Suifunsky)...................................................................141

Skrypleva...................................................................................144

Spafareva..................................................................................148

Tokarevsky........................................................................150

Chirikova........................................................................................153

Chikhacheva........................................................................................154

Shipunsky........................................................................155

LIGHTHOUSES OF THE GULF OF FINNISH AND THE EAST COAST OF THE BALTIC SEA

Akmenrags (Steynort)...................................................................159

Baltic (Pillau)............................................................................162

Bolshoi Tyuters (Stora Tyutersaari)..............................................................163

Vaindlo (Stenscher. Stenscher)..............................................................165

Vahemadal.............................................................................167

Viirelayd (Paternoster, Verilaid).................................................................168

Vilsandi (Vilzand)...................................................................171

Vormsi (Vorms)...................................................................173

Vyborg................................................................................175

Gogland lighthouses............................................................................176

Daugavgriva (Rizhsky, Dynamyundsky, Ust-Dvinsky)........................... 182

Irbensky...................................................................................186

Keri (Kokshkher, Kokshere)..................................................................188

Kihnu (Kine, Kyuno).....................................................................192

Klaipeda-Vhodnoy (Memel).................................................................194

Kolka (Domesnes)...................................................................................195

Krasnaya Gorka.........................................................................................202

Kronstadt (Nikolaev) beacons....................................................203

Kypu (Dagerortsky, Andreevsky, Nizhny Dagerortsky).............................208

Liepajas-Baka (Libavsky, Greater Libavsky).....................................213

Mersrags (Messaragotz).................................................................216

Mikelbacka (Pissen, Mikhailovsky)..................................................219

Mohni (Monvik, Ekholm)..................................................................222

Powerful (Lavensaari)...................................................................223

Naissaar (Nargen)............................................................................225

Narvsky...................................................................................228

Nerve........................................................................................230

Nidden...................................................................................233

Ovishi (Luzerort)...................................................................................234

Osmussaar (Odensholm)..................................................................................237

Pakri (Rogervik, Pakerort, Pakrinem)...................................................240

Pape (Papensee, Border)..................................................................244

Ristna (Ristina, Lower Dagherort)...................................................245

Rodsher (Rodsher, Ruuskeri).................................................................247

Ruhnu (Bell-Rocca, Odberg, Fleece).....................................................................249

St. Petersburg Sea Canal alignment beacons....................................254

Seskar (Seskari)...................................................................255

Sommers...................................................................................260

Steersudden (Seiveste)..................................................................................263

Suurupi (Suropi, Surop) directional beacons....................................................266

Syrve (Svalferort, Tserel, Tserelsky).................................................269

Tallinn...................................................................................273

Tallinn (Ekaterintalskie, Katerintalskie) gate lighthouses........................276

Ram (Brewsterort)...................................................................280

Tahkuna (Tahfri, Tahkona)..................................................................281

Tolbukhin (Kotlinsky)...................................................................284

Uzhava (Bakgofen)...................................................................................289

Shepelevsky........................................................................290

Schlieter (Blaubergen, Schlitter).................................................................293

LIGHTHOUSES OF THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA AND THE COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV

Adlersky (Konstantinovsky Swedish fire).....................................................297

Aytodorsky........................................................................................299

Anapa...................................................................................304

Akhtarsky (Akhtiarsky).................................................................308

Batumsky...................................................................................309

Belosaraysky...................................................................312

Berdyansk Lower and Upper....................................................315

Berezan...................................................................................318

Biryuchiy...................................................................................320

Vorontsovsky (Quarantine)...................................................................322

Gelendzhik lighthouses...................................................................326

Genetic................................................................................329

Dzharylgachsky........................................................................330

Dzhubga.............................................................................332

Dnieper estuary lighthouses...................................................................333

• Lighthouse alignment of the Berezano-Ochakovsky knee of the BDLK....................................335

• Viktorovsky lighthouse site............................................................336

• Suvorovsky........................................................................337

• Limano-Ozharsky lighthouse alignment (Russian and Ozharsky lighthouses)................................338

• Adzhigol directional beacons....................................................340

• Siversov and Siversov-Konstantinovsky lighthouse alignments.................................342

• Dnieper-Limansky lighthouse alignment....................................................344

• Kislyakovsko-Luparevsky lighthouse alignment........................................................345

Dniester-Tsaregradsky...................................................................346

Doobsky........................................................................................351

Evpatoriya (Kezlov, Kozlov)............................................................353

Serpentine (Fidonisi)...................................................................357

Ilyinsky........................................................................360

Inkerman beacons...............................................................363

Kerch Strait lighthouses...................................................................367

• Yenikalsky........................................................................370

• Takilsky (Takly, Taklynsky).................................................372

• Pavlovsk directional beacons............................................................374

• Kamysh-Burunsky and Churubashsky lighthouses.................................................376

• Burun guide beacons..................................................................378

• Chushkinsky directional lighthouses....................................................379

Kodoshsky........................................................................380

Kyz-Aulsky...................................................................................382

Meganomsky........................................................................385

Novorossiysk directional beacons............................................................387

Odessa........................................................................................390

Penaysky...................................................................................395

Pitsundsky........................................................................396

Potisky..................................................................................399

Sarych........................................................................................402

Sochi...............................................................................404

Sukhumsky........................................................................407

Taganrog.............................................................................410

Tarkhankutsky........................................................................412

Temryuksky........................................................................418

Tendrovsky........................................................................420

Utrish...................................................................................423

Chersonesos................................................................................425

Chaudinsky........................................................................431

Yalta........................................ 432

LIGHTHOUSES OF THE CASPIAN SEA COAST

Amburan (Kalagya)...................................................................437

Apsheronsky........................................................................439

Astara (Russian Astara).............................................................442

Bekovich...................................................................................443

Derbentsky........................................................................445

Residential...................................................................................447

Kurinsky........................................................................450

Kuulinsky...................................................................452

Lenkoransky........................................................................454

Makhachkala (Petrovsky)...................................................................4 56

Cretaceous...................................................................................458

Narginsky........................................................................459

Pork...................................................................................462

Tyub-Karagan directional lighthouses...................................................................465

Chelekensky........................................................................468

Quadrituberal.........................................................................469

Chechen.................................................................................472

Shoulanskiy........................................................................474

Guardians of the Mariners...................................................................477

Applications

1.            Brief information about lighthouses not included in the collection of essays................483

2.            Glossary of terms....................................................................502

3.            Code of renamed lighthouses....................................................507

Literature................................................................................509

Information about the authors................................... 514

##

FROM THE AUTHORS

Russia began building lighthouses since the founding of the regular Russian fleet, that is, from the end of the 17th century. By the time of the collapse of the USSR, there were 554 light beacons, 228 radio beacons and 2156 shining signs on its shores,

In 1993-1995, the independent republics formed as a result of the collapse of the USSR were given 151 light beacons, 8 repair and restoration bases, as well as a large number of radio beacons and other navigation equipment.

All issues of lighthouse construction in Russia and then in the USSR were dealt with by the Hydrographic Service of the Navy, which turned 170 years old in 1997. She is primarily responsible for creating a system of navigational fencing of dangers on the coast of the seas of the once huge Russian Empire, and then the Soviet Union.

The Hydrographic Service planned the construction of lighthouses, developed and carried out an examination of lighthouse projects, supervised construction and, finally, supervised the operation of the entire system of navigation equipment.

The domestic shores of the Baltic, Black, Azov, Caspian, Barents, White, Japanese and Okhotsk seas, the Arctic and Pacific oceans, never mapped or fenced in navigational terms, have become safe for seafarers. With very few exceptions, all lighthouses on the shores of these seas were erected by Russian hydrographers and builders. Justice demands that now, when a large number of lighthouses have been transferred to independent republics, we remember those who, with their labor, developed the once deserted shores, who, with a chain of lights, illuminated the way for sailors to the ports and harbors of eight seas and two oceans.

The history of lighthouse business in Russia is described in sufficient detail in the monograph “History of the Hydrographic Service of the Russian Fleet”. This work is a further development of this topic and contains essays telling about the history of the construction and the fate of the most famous and remarkable lighthouses in Russia in many respects. There are 172 such lighthouses across all seas.