TERIBER LIGHTHOUSE

(autotranslated, could have mistakes)

Cape Teribersky on the Murmansk coast, on which the lighthouse is installed, is the northwestern tip of the high rocky peninsula of the same name, washed from the north and west by the Barents Sea, from the south by the Gulf of Teriber, and from the east by the waters of Opasova Bay (see figure on p. 65). The shores of the cape are high, inaccessible and deep. Its northwestern tip (Teribersky navolok) has the appearance of a bare granite almost round hill with a height of more than 30 m from sea level, connected to the rest of the peninsula by a relatively low rocky isthmus. Due to its height and position, Cape Teribersky is very noticeable from the sea.

In the second half of the 19th century, there were up to 20 camps on the Murmansk coast, of which the largest were Teriberka and Gavrilova. In the summer, more than half of the vessels fishing off the Murmansk coast were concentrated there. The camps had warehouses for goods needed by fishermen, grease pits for preparing cod oil, and shops for selling small goods.

In the second half of the 19th century, circumstances were such that Teriberka could become one of the largest ports of Russia in the North. In 1870, Arkhangelsk Governor Kachalov, who accompanied Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich on his journey through the North of Russia, proposed building a commercial port on the Murmansk coast to develop trade, crafts, navigation and the northern region in general. The Grand Duke promised to use all means in his power to facilitate the implementation of such a proposal, and he kept his word: on his initiative, a special commission was created to study ways of further development of the Russian North.

Having carried out a survey of the entire coast from Pechenga Bay in the west to the Seven Islands in the east on the schooner “Polar Star” in 1870-1872, the commission came to the conclusion that “according to the enormous 800-verst length of the Murmansk coast and the very nature of the local fisheries, starting in early spring in the Gulf of Varanger and then moving along the ocean coast to Cape Svyatoy Nos, the needs of industry and trade cannot be satisfied with the port alone...” and therefore recommended the establishment of several port cities, and in the Gulf of Teriber - “about

a brassy camp, which should eventually grow and transform into a port city.” At the same time, the commission recommended, without waiting for the construction of ports, to equip the existing camps in all respects and ensure reliable and safe navigation between them.

The first consequence of the commission’s work was the formation in 1875 of the White Sea-Murmansk Express Shipping Company Partnership. It developed quickly, and by 1896 there were already 27 weekly voyages along the sea route between the ports of the White Sea and the Murmansk coast.

Teriberka by this time had become the largest camp in the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula. In 1899, there were up to 30 households with 200 residents, there were two churches, a first aid station, a Red Cross hospital, a weather station, a school and a post and telegraph office.

To ensure the navigational safety of sailing regular ships, as well as to develop year-round navigation between camps, the Main Hydrographic Directorate entrusted the Separate Survey of the White Sea, the head of which at that time was Lieutenant M. E. Zhdanko (later the head of the Main Hydrographic Directorate, General of the Hydrograph Corps), to research

to develop the Murmansk coast and develop proposals for navigation fencing of fairways.

This work was carried out in 1893 on the cruiser “Nezadnik” and on private ships. Zhdanko proposed installing small light beacons on capes Tsypnavolok, Teribersky, in the camp of Gavrilov and on the Seven Islands.

"Late autumn fishing is carried out there," Zhdanko reported to the Main Hydrographic Directorate, "and therefore lights are needed to approach camps in the dark. This issue was raised a long time ago, but the Maritime Ministry proposed building them at the expense of interested parties. Nothing has been built. But now steamship traffic along the Murmansk coast has increased, fisheries [have grown], hydrography in the Arctic Ocean has improved. Smaller ones are needed lights without maintenance. They will provide approaches to camps and will serve for ships sailing along the Murmansk coast”[10].

The specific location for the lighthouse on Cape Teribersky was chosen by the commander and navigator of the cruiser “Nayezdnik”: “It is necessary [to install the lighthouse] at the very tip of Cape Teribersky. The benefits are undoubted. It should be on the first hillock, and not higher, due to the fact that fogs in the Arctic Ocean often cover high mountains, about

keeping small hills clean... The cape is granite, you can moor, there is water from the melting snow, suitable for drinking... In the summer, water must be taken either from the river, or cisterns must be built” [ibid.].

The lighthouse project was developed by the White Sea Lighthouse Directorate under the leadership of Colonel Vasiliev. Retired Major General Haeckel was appointed as the work manager.

In 1896, the lighthouse began to operate. A white metal lantern was installed on top of an iron tracery tower 7 m high from the base, painted yellow. The base of the tower was an iron octagonal pillar made of T-iron. Around the pillar there was an iron staircase leading to the lantern structure. The permanent white light of the lighthouse, located at an altitude of 37 m above sea level, illuminated a sector from 195 to 96 ° for a distance of up to 10 miles.

To the east of the lighthouse, on the low isthmus mentioned above, a house was built for the staff. In the same 1896, 700 meters southeast of the tower, a pneumatic siren with a kerosene engine was installed in a special wooden building on a stone foundation, the bell of which was facing north. To give signals while preparing the siren for operation, there was a cannon. Light beacon and sire

Well, they were served by 12 employees. Navigator's assistant Tokmakov was appointed the first caretaker.

In 1925, the lighthouse was re-lit - a 5th category diopter lighting device was installed in the lantern structure, which simplified maintenance and increased the visibility range of the fire.

Image removed from public review package. Local review only · not public no-info · image50.jpeg

Lighthouse Teribersky

In 1928, Ubekosever planned to rebuild the tower, as it had become very rusty over many years of use and began to wobble. The siren, which had outlived its useful life, also needed replacement. In addition, the experience of many years of operating the siren has shown that due to the high altitude of the sound source, ships located in the area immediately adjacent to the cape cannot hear it, since the sound waves emitted by the siren travel higher.

Due to lack of appropriations, these works were never completed before the Great Patriotic War. During the war, the lighthouse ensured the passage of convoys and transports along the Murmansk coast, as well as combat operations of ships of the Northern Fleet.

In 1941-1942, Teriberka and surrounding areas were subjected to particularly fierce bombing by enemy aircraft. Naval battles also took place in the area of ​​the lighthouse. So, on the night of July 13, 1941, southeast of the lighthouse, three German destroyers sank the Passat patrol ship and the RT-67 rescue ship. On July 24 of the same year, in the area northeast of Teriberka, the enemy sank the hydrographic vessel Meridian. Our air strikes on enemy ships, unfortunately, were ineffective. We couldn't do anything

help our sailors and lighthouses.

Despite numerous bombings, the lighthouse survived during the Great Patriotic War, but at the end of 1960, due to careless handling of fire (a blowtorch was used to warm the frozen water cooling pipes of diesel engines), the lighthouse technical building with all the equipment completely burned down. In 1971, the lighthouse was rebuilt. Currently, it is a two-story yellow building with a reinforced concrete lighthouse tower 13 m high. A rotating electric lighting apparatus EMV-930 is installed in the lantern structure of the lighthouse, shining with alternating flashing red and green lights. The lighthouse is equipped with a KRM-300 radio beacon and a LIEZH-300 nautofon. A great contribution to the commissioning of new technical means and to ensuring their constant operation was made by the head of the lighthouse V.I. Lenin and technician S.I. Kuimov.

Thousands of ships and vessels pass by the lighthouse every year, monitoring their geographical location and clarifying their course. Thanks to the reliable and competent work of the maintenance personnel, the lighthouse operates smoothly, sending the light of its fire and radio signals into the cold Barents Sea.