TSYPNAVOLOSKY LIGHTHOUSE

(autotranslated, could have mistakes)

Installed on the northeastern tip of the Rybachy Peninsula on Cape Tsypnavolok. Provides navigation on the approaches to the Kola Bay and in the adjacent waters of the Barents Sea.

This place has long been busy with regard to navigation. Sea roads run past the cape, connecting the ports of the Kola Bay, the White Sea and the rivers of Siberia with Western countries.

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According to the legend of the Pomors, in the Tsypnavolok area, in particular in the Podsheey Bay, in the last century there were the best camps of Murman, where more than 1000 fishing merchants gathered and up to 50 ships accumulated annually. At the end of the 19th century, in Podsheya Bay there were 12 households with 90 permanent residents, there was a church and even a solid prison building, or “prison house”, as it was then called by M. F. Reinecke, describing during his expedition of 1822-1832 the Rybachy Peninsula, noted that “Cape Tsypnavolok... constituting the north-eastern corner of the peninsula, is the low-lying part of it, although to water... [its banks] are steep, but no more than 5-8 fathoms. To the south, one mile from Tsypnavolok, there lies under the shore a small island of Anikiev, distinguished by a green surface and black steep sides. In the middle of it there is a huge slate slab with inscriptions of the names of various sailors who visited this place. The oldest of them is in Norwegian, under the sign of the crown, 1510. northwest of Tsypnavolok the mountains rise again” [26]. In addition to this island, called Bolshoy Anikiev, to the north of it lies the island of Maly Anikiev. These two islands, judging by the old sailing directions, were the main landmarks during the voyage.

ii in the area of ​​the cape before the construction of a lighthouse on it.

The Hydrographic Department first announced the need to build a lighthouse on the cape in 1874, when 9 shipwrecks out of 23 on the White and Barents Seas occurred in the northeastern part of the Rybachy Peninsula in one year. In particular, on the night of May 30, during a storm, 5 Russian shnyaks sank at once. 29 people died, ranging from 12 to 43 years of age.

When asked by the Hydrographic Department to allocate money for construction, the Maritime Ministry refused, citing the fact that warships do not sail in the peninsula area, and the construction of a lighthouse there should be the concern of the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Even this ministry could not be convinced of the need for a lighthouse.

It took more than 20 years to convince officials that the cost of the lighthouse could not be compared with the damage suffered by the state and private individuals due to poor fencing of navigational hazards. Construction began only in 1896 after a special government decision.

The lighthouse was erected by retired Major General Haeckel. He built it 1.5 miles from the tip of the cape in the form of a small wooden house with a red roof and gray towers

Coy with a lighthouse lantern. Dioptric light-optical apparatus of the 5th category, installed at a height

6.6 m from the base and 29.7 m from sea level, it shone with an eclipsing white light in a sector from 294.5 to 184.5° for a distance of up to 9 miles. The lighthouse became operational on September 3, 1896.

Russia's plans on the eve of the First World War did not include military operations in the Northern Theater. In terms of military engineering, the theater was not equipped, there were no defensive structures, and a special operating mode for the navigation fence had not been developed in advance.

With the outbreak of the war, the ports of the Baltic and Black Seas were cut off from the ocean, and the Northern Theater acquired great importance as the only route of communication between Russia and the allies (except for the route through the Pacific Ocean and Siberia). The situation required the rapid re-equipment of existing ports and the creation of new ones, as well as the deployment of measures for the protection and special navigational fencing of maritime communications.

The lighthouses of the White and Barents Seas were extinguished with the beginning of hostilities during the navigation of 1915, some of them, including Tsypnavoloksky, switched to working in a special mode. Instructions on actions were sent to all beacons

x service personnel in case of enemy attack.

On October 24 and November 9, 1916, German submarines fired at the Tsypnavolok lighthouse, but did not cause significant damage to it, and the lighthouse continued to support the actions of our forces.

After the war, in the new conditions of active development of the Russian North and, in particular, the widespread trade with Western countries (Kara trade expeditions), the role of the lighthouse increased significantly.

In 1924, Ubekosever reported to the Main Hydrographic Directorate: “The Tsypnavolok lighthouse is a receiving lighthouse for ships going from the North Cape to the Holy Nose, as well as for ships going from the ocean to the Kola Bay, therefore, on Tsypnavolok it is desirable, instead of the old lighthouse, which requires major repairs, to build a reinforced concrete tower 10 fathoms high, paint it bright red color and install a lamp structure with an acetylene apparatus with a visibility range of up to 25 miles. It is also advisable to install a siren” [27].

The lighthouse was rebuilt in 1933. On the site of the previous tower, a wide wooden tetrahedral truncated pyramid with a height of

18.7 m. In 1937, the lighthouse was equipped with the latest radio beacon RMS-3 at that time.

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Lighthouse Tsypnavoloksky

During the Great Patriotic War, the lighthouse was repeatedly bombed by the enemy and suffered significant damage. After the war, it was restored and equipped with a modern light-optical electrical apparatus EMV-3.

In 1975, instead of the outdated tower on the cape, a new one was erected from monolithic reinforced concrete, cone-shaped, painted with red and white horizontal stripes. A light-optical electric rotating apparatus with a red and white variable-flash light was installed in the steel lamp structure. The height of the tower from the base is 32 m, the height of the fire from sea level is 54 m. The visibility range of the fire is 18 miles.

In 1997, the newest radio beacon KRM-400 was installed on the cape.

The Tsypnavoloksky lighthouse is one of the most important on the shores of the northern seas of Russia. Long-term

At the time, the staff of this exemplary lighthouse on the Barents Sea was led by Great Patriotic War participant N.A. Letov, employees V.I. Pivovarov, E.I. Blinov. Thanks to their efforts, numerous technical means of the lighthouse were always ready for action.