SEA LIGHTS OF OUR MOTHERLAND 16 postcards

(autotranslated, could have mistakes)

Image removed from public review package. Local review only · not public no-info · 001.jpg

SEA LIGHTS OF OUR HOMELAND 16 postcards. Price 54 kopecks.

Artist G. Chelak. Author of the text L. Basis Editor O. Ivashchenko. Tech. editor M. Ovchinnikova © “Fine Arts”. Moscow. 1990

4-804.40 000.2290

Moscow Order of the Red Banner of Labor printing house No. 2 of the USSR State Committee for Printing 129301, Mira Ave., 105

1.       LIGHTHOUSE KYPU

2.       SIRVE LIGHTHOUSE

3.       IRBEN LIGHTFLOATING

4.       KOLKA LIGHTHOUSE

5.        THOLBUKHIN LIGHTHOUSE

6.       TALLINN LIGHTHOUSE

7.       PETROPAVLOVSKY LIGHTHOUSE

8.       MAREKAN LIGHTHOUSE

9.       BASSARGIN LIGHTHOUSE

10.       TOKAREVSKY LIGHTHOUSE

11.       KRONOTSKY LIGHTHOUSE

12.       LIGHTHOUSE OF CHERSONESS,

13.       AITODOR LIGHTHOUSE

14.       VORONTSOVSKY LIGHTHOUSE

15.       SOTNAVOLOKSKY LIGHTHOUSE

16.       LIGHTHOUSE CHALK

In the system of ensuring the safety of navigation on the seas and oceans of the entire globe, a significant role belongs to navigation equipment. They are light beacons, radio beacons, various radio navigation systems, radar transponder beacons, illuminated navigation and direction signs, sound signaling (fog) installations, floating warning signs - buoys, milestones and others.

The installation of these means, mainly lighthouses, began in ancient times. This is due to the emergence and development of navigation. Providing assistance to sailors of all countries in their difficult voyages, threatening dangers and frequent disasters, has long become a necessity and duty of civilized humanity.

If, when sailing during daylight hours, at first, navigators used capes, mountains, rocks, hills, and individual structures protruding into the sea as navigational landmarks, then when sailing at night, this task could only be achieved by fire. Not only in centuries distant from us, but even in the 16th and 17th centuries, when sailing and at night, the lights of ordinary fires were used; they were lit on the shore and on specially erected buildings.

Many centuries passed before people began to build special towers for this purpose and install corresponding light-optical devices, the lights of which could operate over long distances, reaching tens of miles.

The oldest lighthouse known to history is the Alexandria, or Pharos, tower. It was built in 283 BC on the island of Pharos, at the mouth of the Nile River, in Egypt, at the entrance to the Alexandria harbor. The tower was over 160 m high. At night, a fire burned on its top, which was visible for many miles. This tower was considered one of the seven wonders of the world. In 1317, traces of this magnificent architectural masterpiece of ancient art were destroyed.

The construction of lighthouses on the shores of Europe dates back to the beginning of the era of the Roman emperors. Some of these monuments to the maritime power of warlike Rome have survived and continue to serve as lighthouses. This is the tower of the Hercules lighthouse in Spain on the roadstead of the port of Corunna.

In total, at the beginning of our era, there were 27 lighthouses on the globe, illuminating the shores of the Dardanelles, Bosphorus, Apennine Peninsula, Southern France, Spain and the English Channel.

The first lighthouses in Russia appeared in 1531 - the Dagerort lighthouse (Kypu), in 1635 - the Svalferotsky, or Tserelsky (Syrve) lighthouse, in 1636 - the Runo (Rukhnu) lighthouse and at the beginning of the 17th century - the Domesnes gates.

The construction of lighthouses proceeded very slowly. By the beginning of the 19th century, there were no more than a hundred of them on all the seas of the globe.

In Russia, intensive construction of lighthouses began during the period of the birth and development of the Russian navy. By the end of the 18th century, there were already 19 lighthouses in Russia, of which 15 were on the Baltic Sea, 3 on the Far Eastern Seas, and 1 on the Caspian Sea. Before the October Socialist Revolution, the seas of the Far East had a very poorly developed network of lighthouses.

In total, there were 24 lighthouses in the Far Eastern seas. There are currently 175 lighthouses operating here. There are 86 lighthouses on the Barents and White Seas. On the Baltic Sea - 103, on the Black and Azov Seas - 112, on the Caspian Sea - 25. In total, on the seas of the Soviet Union, more than 500 light beacons and over 2000 illuminated navigational signs for various purposes currently illuminate sea routes. There are more than 300 radio beacons in Troy. The first of them appeared only in the early 30s of the current century.

During the Patriotic War of 1941-1945, a significant part of the lighthouses was destroyed. Over the past 40 years, 255 light beacons, 94 radio navigation system stations, 267 radio beacons, 625 navigation signs and many other navigation equipment objects have been built and put into operation in new locations in the Soviet Union. In the last 20 years, since 1967, the construction of automatic lighthouses has become widespread, including lighthouses in the open sea on hydraulic foundations.

One of these largest lighthouses, Irbensky, was built and put into operation in 1985 (it is shown on the cover). The Irbensky Lighthouse was built in the area of ​​the Mikhailovskaya Bank and the Irbensky Strait of the Baltic Sea. The base of the lighthouse in the open sea is a huge reinforced concrete mass - a giant. It is installed at a depth of 11.5 m on a poured stone bed. The lighthouse tower is prefabricated, made of cylindrical reinforced concrete blocks. At the top of the tower there is a service compartment. A steel lantern structure is mounted on it, in which light-optical devices are installed. The upper ceiling serves as a helicopter landing platform for periodic maintenance of navigation equipment operating at the lighthouse. The height of the lighthouse tower from sea level is 38.5 m, from the surface of the seabed - about 50 m. To power the equipment, three isotope power plants are installed in the lower underwater part of the tower. Irbensky Lighthouse is the fourth atomic lighthouse on the seas of the Soviet Union. It is equipped with the most modern equipment. The range of its automatically operating navigation aids: electric light beacon - 16 miles, radio beacon - 35 miles, radar beacon - 12 miles.

In this set of artistic postcards, of course, it was impossible to reflect the rich history of the development of navigation equipment in the country, to show the numerous types of various lighthouses and other means of navigation equipment operating in the interests of ensuring the safety of navigation.

The author of the drawings, a member of the Union of Artists of the USSR, sea captain G. D. Chelak, and the author of the review article and annotations to the drawings introduce the reader only to the individual, most interesting old and new lighthouses of our Soviet Motherland.

[L. Basis]()